Agency problems and reputation in services - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Agency problems and reputation in services. Answer: Commercial auto insurance The insurance product or service in this paper is the auto repair garage insurance. The chosen product or service in this regard is the commercial auto insurance. As the subject is insurance, no specific product can be taken in this context. It would be better to take a service of the insurance policies (Schneider, 2012). In this case the commercial auto insurance has been selected. There are many benefits of the commercial auto insurance. This insurance service is for the benefit of the business customers. If the repair of the auto services is required, the owner of the vehicle will get the protection in real time. There will be no issues about who is driving the vehicle. If there are any cases of lawsuit because of harsh driving by the drivers, this insurance policy will fix all the charges like the car damages, fees of the lawyer and all the medical expenses. The insurance limits are higher so there will be no problem about returning the monetary amount for the damages (Desyllas Sako, 2013). If the employees of the company get into any accident, this insurance policy will save the employees as well. It is because the employees are the main pillars of the organizations. The insurance will cover all the internal stakeholders of the organization and thus, employees will receive accidental benefits from the insurance. This insurance policy protects the business employees from all the lawsuits. This commercial auto insurance helps the business equipments like catering equipments to the hydraulic fits. This insurance coverage will allow the company to replace these tools and equipments. Thus, the insurance will provide holistic coverage for the company. The commercial auto insurance will help to protect the interests of the requirements of the business. The commercial auto insurance will help the employees to get many advantages (Desyllas Sako, 2013). One of the key advantages to be gained by them is the financial assurance of their accidents and any unwarranted incidents. Many other benefits are also offered as well by the commercial auto insurance. This includes providing medical benefits and assistance to the employees and their families. The commercial auto insurance will offer the coverage to the concerned business owner and the employees. The business can stay with compliance with all the local and state laws. The commercial auto insurance can be very beneficial in the case of providing the protection for the entire business. This kind of insurance helps the business to get protection from the severe lawsuits. The business can be saved from being bankrupt. The liability coverage can be given to the vehicles if commercial auto insurance is done. The business will not be liable to be suffering losses. The business owners can opt for working with their independent insurance agents for better service. Losses in commercial auto insurance The losses that can be portrayed on the commercial auto insurance are:- The market conditions are very soft in most of the no-auto lines. The meaning of this is the fact the competition is very much. The investment returns have been very slow indeed. This would require more growth in the coming years (Baker Swedloff, 2012). The direct premiums will increase in this year. So the sauto rates will go higher in many cases indeed. The costs are increasing so it is becoming very problematic to carry through the commercial auto insurance (Baker Swedloff, 2012). The loss ratios are very high. This is why the auto insurance premiums will continue to rise. The two companies that provide the best services in the commercial auto insurance are Aviva Canada Group of Companies and Umbrella Warranty Ltd (Umbrellawarranty.ca, 2018). These two companies play an essential role in promoting the commercial auto insurance. This is a beneficial insurance service for many organizations indeed. This is really an important service in the limelight of auto repair garage insurance services. References Baker, T., Swedloff, R. (2012). Regulation by Liability Insurance: From Auto to Lawyers Professional Liability.UCLA L. Rev.,60, 1412. Desyllas, P., Sako, M. (2013). Profiting from business model innovation: Evidence from Pay-As-You-Drive auto insurance.Research Policy,42(1), 101-116. Schneider, H. S. (2012). Agency problems and reputation in expert services: Evidence from auto repair.The Journal of Industrial Economics,60(3), 406-433. Umbrellawarranty.ca. (2018).Vehicle Mechanical Breakdown Coverage | Umbrella Warranty.Umbrella Warranty. Retrieved 25 January 2018, from https://umbrellawarranty.ca/

Commentary in an extract from the book Essay Example For Students

Commentary in an extract from the book Essay This passage is located from page 230 to 231, whose main conflict resembles to how religion losses importance as science keeps on evolving.  Characters involved  The participants in this passage are Mr. Mustapha Mond, the headmaster for the conditioning centre in Eastern Europe, and John, a British boy who lived overseas (New Mexico) in a reservation, where family union and religious believes were strongly encouraged. John returned with his mother Linda to England, as they produced a friendship with Bernard and Lelina during a vacation of theirs in the reservation. John struggled to fit in the technological world of Europe, as he loved to talk about God and read Shakespeare; hence, the narrator changes his name to The Savage. Explanation of passage  In this passage John and Mustapha Mond start talking about the way religion has been abolished in England, and all other places where babies are artificially produced, as science by itself can produce all answers humans wish to know (according to world controllers) . However, Mustapha Mond reveals an astonishing secret to John, regarding his passion for knowing prohibited information, in this case religious information. In this passage Huxley intends to reflect how human nature will never change regardless of the time in history, as A CONTROLLER reflects interests on religion! Controllers are meant to base their lives on science, but Mustapha Mond shows that even scientist wish to know about their philosophical existence. Knowing about oneà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s existence is part of human nature, thus Huxley in this passage intends to literarily exhibit how humans will always resemble to their nature, without mattering the advances of science. Contextualizing the passage with the rest of the novel  The passage is situated at the beginning of chapter 17, just after Mustapha Mond tells Helmholtz and Bernard that they are going to be transferred to remote islands, due to their unorthodox behavior in England, and hence not doing their job properly. There exists an interesting contrast between chapter 16 and the beginning of 17, as in the first one Mustapha follows a protocol of removing individuals, while in the following episode he exposes the reader that although he lives in a techno-utopia, his human nature (evidenced from ancient times), is seen when he shows John all the biblical texts he has hidden. Therefore, Huxley is trying to exhibit that nature will never be over passed by science; nature is an independent entity from a moment in time. Also, Huxley shows that religion is part of human nature, as it makes humans think about the origin of all. It is evident that the book provides the idea that humans are being created under certain genetic characteristics, however such inventions are intended for the wellbeing of a society (according to the novel), which is an ancient ideal of humans; its something natural, thus nature is not being changed. Nature is rather being allocated differently for fitting the standards of Fordà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s society. That explains the interest of Mustapha Mond towards biblical texts, and thus the intention of the author for exposing his thoughts towards the world. And although the narrative doesnt show a direct impact of what has been mentioned, the contrasts seen along the novel reflect such ideals. Language, Narrative  Use of adjectives and key words  There are certain linguistic aspects that the passage exhibits, in order to create a realistic and believable scenery to the reader. Initially, the passage is a descriptive text, due to its good amount of adjectives and other key words. One first phrase for producing wide and coherent descriptions is when the narrator tells that Mustapha Mond opened a heavy door for taking out his biblical texts. By having applied the word heavy, Huxley makes emphasis on expressing that the information kept inside those walls is important, thus the exaggerated protection. Hence, with the implementation of adjectives the author minimizes the length of his sentences and maximizes the power of his descriptions. .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 , .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .postImageUrl , .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 , .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:hover , .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:visited , .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:active { border:0!important; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:active , .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8 .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08fb3d8c70e9b514978d15afc1009be8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: She - At His Funeral EssayA very evident fact for contextualizing and making the novel logical is the name given to John after his arrival to London, The Savage. With this nickname the author can openly expose Johnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s character and the societys perception towards him. Along the text it is seen that Huxley repetitively shows this word, in order to expose to the reader his perception of what our present behavior will be seen in some coming future. The word savage also makes emphasis for the end of the book, as John ended up hanging himself as he did not resists England without the constant presence of his friend Bernard: only savages do such act. Repetitions and narrative, in regards to religion  In order to make the narrative interesting and contextualized, there also exists the concept of repetition along the passage. It is evident that along the extract there are several repetitive words like God, and Savage, already mentioned, which not simply allows the novel to be well contextualized, but permits the reader to remind himself about the places and situations under which the novel happens. The most controversial word seen along the text is God. One the main reasons that Huxley introduces that word throughout the whole book, is because it highlights the conflict between ancient and modern philosophies of life. It is evident that England is not interested at all in religious contents, but the reservation in New Mexico where John grew up has huge appreciation for God. Thus, the issue of religion along history is being portrayed by constantly introducing the word God. The mentioning of religion along the book is also a direct consequence of the novelà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s topic; the way in which religion has been abolished due to the advance in science. Huxley has a valid intention to introduce this topic by contextualizing it with John. He is clearly a contrast in the way humanity has evolved after Ford, as he demonstrates great interest for Shakespeare and God, while the rest of society abolishes those conceptions. John is a representation of our society in the far future, when referring to Huxleyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s novel. Therefore, the author has the intention of contrasting his invented moment in time with the present we experience, in order to make the reader realize that human behavior and ideals change along time, as humans are an evolving entity. Huxley has always an intention behind his scripts, and as it can be clearly seen along this passage, the most prevalent aspect Huxley portrays is societal behavior.

Speech Codes Essay Research Paper SPEECH CODES free essay sample

Speech Codes Essay, Research Paper SPEECH CODES: AN ANSWER TO OUR PROBLEMS? Freedom of address is an issue that has been debated in America since the colonists foremost inhabited our state. The First Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of freedom of address to all Americans. Since so, people have spoken freely about authorities, faith, unfairness, and fundamentally anything else that they have wanted to. However, this freedom is non ever given. Evidence of this can be found on college campuses across the state. More and more colleges and universities are now implementing address codifications, ordinances that prohibit address or other behavior that is opprobrious, baleful, or take downing to certain groups because of their gender, race, spiritual beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background. This type of address is besides known as hatred address. A great contention has arisen over the enforcement of these codifications. We must now make up ones mind whether or non speech codifications are constitutional, and what is more of import for an academic environment, an ambiance in which 1 can talk freely about his or her beliefs, or one in which no 1 feels persecuted or insulted. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Codes Essay Research Paper SPEECH CODES or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Advocates of address codifications believe that address codifications are great tools for helping the instruction procedure. They feel that address that is really violative to certain groups of people impedes upon the acquisition procedure by making hostile and uncomfortable schoolroom environments when pupils of opposing groups are brought together. They believe that instruction, the primary ground for go toing college, takes a back place to such issues. Therefore, they believe that this job could be solved by the enforcement of address codifications. Advocates of address codifications besides feel that the First Amendment does non really protect all types of address, viz. hate address. They argue that freedom of address was given in order to talk out against things such as corruptness and unfairness, non to give racialists and bigots the right to diss and ache people due to fortunes these people can non command. After all, the Constitution provinces that all work forces are created equal. Advocates argue that the allowance of such hatred address, utilizing the permission of the First Amendment however, is a perversion of this great announcement. Advocates besides feel that excessively much free address, including hatred address, is one of the top grounds for recent additions in hate offenses. Hate offenses are besides on the rise on college campuses across the state. For illustration, victims have had crosses burned in their paces, swastikas painted on their temples and residence halls, and have been physically attacked. Supporters believe that these offenses could be prevented, or at least reduced if hate address was non allowed. They feel that the allowance of hatred address merely serves to derive support for those who speak it, and that prohibition of hatred address is the key. Advocates of address codifications may hold thought that they were making the right thing, but they have been misled. Speech codes that are enforced by government-financed province colleges and universities are in clear misdemeanor of the Constitution because they are signifiers of authorities censoring. All address, no affair how violative it may be, is protected by the First Amendment. The right of free address is indivisible, which means that if the right is taken off from one, it is taken off from all. Furthermore, freedom of address is critical to the staying rights given in the First Amendment. Restricting address would besides curtail freedom of faith, freedom of the imperativeness, and so on. Furthermore, one must recognize that although hate address may be protected, hate offenses are non. In fact, the most effectual step to battle hate offenses may be speech itself. Another job with address codifications is that they are non clear plenty. Ill-defined boundaries and mistily worded prohibitions have created quite a batch of confusion for those seeking to understand the codifications. Many people are now pressing charges against anything and everything that the may happen violative. Charges have been brought up against people who have written amusing lampoons about cultural nutrients in campus magazines. Charges have besides been brought up against people who have made non-racist, derogative comments to other races. Charges such as these are normally dropped, but in some instances, people have really been fired from occupations or expelled from school. However, it would be about impossible to specify the boundaries of address codifications. In order for this to go on, person would hold to do himself the authorization, the jurisprudence. This clearly exhibits the fact that address codifications are non the reply. Speech codifications are designed to decide issues covering with many signifiers of racism and dogmatism. However, address codifications do non decide these issues ; they merely suppress them. Ignoring such jobs will non do them to travel off, as address is a consequence of what is indoors of a individual. One critic of address codifications stated, Verbal pureness is non societal alteration. Freedom of address besides allows pupils to be after antagonistic onslaughts on hatred address. Address can be fought with address, leting those who discriminate against others to see the issue from an alternate point of position and to perchance alter their ain position. Speech codifications would forestall this alteration from happening, doing them to get the better of their ain intent. Finally, address codifications on college campuses defeat one of the chief intents of college in general. The chief intent of most colleges is to help larning through unfastened argument and free enquiry and to edify pupils. Speech codes straight curtail this signifier of larning. Small can be learned in a schoolroom in which the pupils are afraid to voice their sentiments. All positions and sentiments should be entitled to be heard so that others may research them and make up ones mind for themselves what they believe. Students may non ever agree or change their heads on certain topics, but hopefully they will be able to see the issue from a new angle alternatively of a nonreversible, closed-minded point of position. Sing the universe from another s point of position could so be the key to happening peace with each other. After one has examined both sides of the issue of address codifications, it should be clear that address codifications are incorrect and are really tangential to society. Hatred, racism, and dogmatism provender on environments where jobs are suppressed and ignored. No 1 should of all time be content with ignorance toward these issues. Many people choose to turn their dorsums on contending address codifications because they feel that it is merely a little conflict and that there are more of import things to worry approximately. What people fail to recognize is that we give some of our power to the authorities with each little conflict that we lose. Forty old ages ago, totalitarian authoritiess, much like that in George Orwell s 1984, were thought to be an absolute impossibleness. Today, nevertheless, when we look at issues such speech codifications, we can see that eventual entire authorities control is a distinguishable possibility. Therefore, it should be our responsibility as Ameri cans, populating in a society built on democracy, to contend to maintain the rights that our sires one time fought to derive for us. So, we must make up ones mind where we should get down. Possibly we should get down by speaking about it.

scarlet letter symbols essays

scarlet letter symbols essays Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most prolific symbolists in American literature. In literature a symbol is most often a concrete object used to represent an idea more abstract and broader in scope and meaning. In the Scarlet Letter Hawthorne has many of these symbols but in order to understand his novel the scarlet letter A, light and darkness, and the settings of the novel must be analyzed with the purpose of relating them to the novels major themes. The scarlet letter A is one of the most obvious symbols, but it has various meanings throughout the book depending on its context. All through the book the letter symbolizes adultery, penance, and penitence. Hester, who wears the letter A, goes through suffering and loneliness and also is rejuvenated. It appears throughout the book first in the preface as a material object, then it becomes an elaborately embroidered A which Hester wears. It also appears in the armor breast-place at Governor Bellinghams mansion. These letter As in these parts of the book show that Hester is hidden by this enormous, exaggerated symbol as her life and feelings are hidden behind the sign of her sin. Later in the book the letter A appears in the sky as a vast red letter, also as a green A of eelgrass which Pearl had made. Even later it appears on Hesters dress which was decorated by Pearl with prickly burrs, and on Dimmesdales chest, and finally is seen on the epitaph at the end of the book On a field , sable, the letter A, gules (179). In all of these examples, the meaning depends on both the context and sometimes even the interpreter. For example, when the community sees the scarlet A in the sky they see it as a sign that the dying Governor Winthrop has become an angel, while Dimmesdale sees it as a sign of his secret sin. Another example is the community sees the letter on Hesters bosom as a mark of her punishment and also as a mark to deter others...

James Argument on the Belief in God in The Will to Believe and Essay

James Argument on the Belief in God in The Will to Believe and Pascal's Wager - Essay Example Therefore, Pascal concludes that any rational being has a duty to believe in God to attain the infinite happiness. However, this argument by Wager raises many critics from philosophers who view the argument as lacking probability in the life of humanity and more so related to belief. Pascal’s argument is viewed as an extraordinary power. The proponents of this argument explain that even though Wager’s argument might be taken as false and a probability taken on this argument, on at the end we might be wrong and the argument might be true after all. Therefore, no matter how small the probability, Pascal’s argument should be accepted as true according to this argument. However, William James is a serious critic of this argument by Pascal and tries to discredit the hypothesis and the conclusion by Pascal regarding believing in God. For James, belief involves a will to choose among possible options and such an option has to have concrete evidence and our faith in most cases is responsible for shaping future outcomes. Rather than taking forced options that might end up being false, James stresses on being indifferent. The assertion by James is therefore more skeptical one that does not offer concrete proofs as compared to Pascal’s. ... Interestingly James postulates that wherever there is an option where losing the truth away and save ourselves at any rate of believing falsehood by not making up our minds till objective evidence has come, such an option would be worthwhile compared to believing the falsehoods in such circumstances (James, 5). This contradicts Pascal’s argument that it is the nature and obligation of any credible humanity to believe in God, since whether or not God exists would have a greater degree of happiness for such an individual. Consider the postulation below by Pascal. God exists God does not exist Believe in God infinity f1 Do not believe in God f2 f3 Therefore, according to the above table, if God exists and you believe, such an individual has an infinitely happy life to gain. On the other hand if God doe not exist or you do not believe then your utility level in such cases as indicated by f1, f2, f3 is finite (Tabarrok, 123). Therefore, one who believes in God according to Pascal h as more to gain in both cases as compared to those who do not believe in God. Taking James postulation, the second case would apply; where if truly God exists the individual would have to lose everything as the chance of gaining the truth is thrown away in fear of believing in falsehoods (James, 5). It would follow that Pascal’s postulation is more concrete and accurate compared to the postulation by James on the subject of believing in God. The critics of James to Pascal’s work can also be applied to criticize his own work. James explains that humans are recorders and not the makers of truth. In addition James explains that facts are facts and independent of our believing or not (James,

The loving and helping of Mother Theresa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The loving and helping of Mother Theresa - Essay Example When teaching school in Calcutta she was devastated at the poverty and the way of life for the citizens. Although she had already become a nun and dedicated her life to God, the missionary and others, she felt she could and help more. In fact she felt the need to help so badly because " the suffering and poverty she glimpsed outside the convent walls made such a deep impression on her that in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. " (Fortune City) The acts of Mother Theresa epitomize the quote being referred to for this essay. The quote when applied to Mother Theresa and her selfless helping applies the likeness can be illustrated time and time again, She was awarded the NOBLE Peace Prize in 1979. However, this was not the end of her selfless devotion. Another illustration of her g is that after being awarded the prestigious Noble prize she spent nearly the next two decades helping and loving the poverty stricken of Calcutta. Once Mother Teresa was asked how she could continue day after day after day, visiting the terminally ill: feeding them, wiping their brows, giving them comfort as they lay dying.

Investigating The Causes Of Criminal Behavior Criminology Essay

Investigating The Causes Of Criminal Behavior Criminology Essay Crime. Why some people commit crimes and while others do not has always interested me. Every hour a crime is committed in the United States and people have been committing crimes as early as the Bible days. Later in the seventeenth century European colonists in North America considered crime and sin the same thing. They believed evil spirits possessed those who did not conform to social norms or follow rules. The act of committing a crime is not relegated to any particular race, sex, or age. Persons as old as 80 have been convicted of murder: James von Brun, who shot the security guard at the Washington DC Holocaust Museum in June 2009 will likely be convicted; he was 88 at the time of the murder, to children as young as 11: On January 14, 2000, Nathaniel Abraham, 11, was the youngest child convicted of murder. Many feel criminal activity and choosing to commit a crime is a case of nature vs. nurture. All of us combine good and bad traits, and while certain circumstances may cause individuals to go beyond the bounds of normal behavior, there is no basis to assert that these people are totally evil. We think we can spot lunacy, that a maniac with uncontrollable urges to kill will be unable to contain himself. In the street, it is the mentally ill we avoid, sidestepping the disheveled, unshaven man who rants on with himself It is evident that those guilty of the most heinous violent crimes tend to fit an otherwise average description. There are many reports where the neighbors of a mass murderer were shocked to find that the nice guy who lived next door had committed such despicable acts. The factors causing criminal activities are varied and hard to pinpoint. Some cases may be due to the financial status of the person, while others may be due to the mental health or social outlook of the person. Crimes like theft are committed for gain and excitement, while many violent crimes are committed by people who consider themselves powerless. But, how do some people decide to commit a crime? Do they think about the benefits and the risks? Why do some people commit crimes regardless of the consequences? Why do others never commit a crime, no matter how desperate their circumstances? I am fascinated with the television show, Bait Car, it forces you to ask these questions and want to put them in perspective. The police department goes into an area that has a high vehicle theft crime rate, stages an argument and it seems as if the person is so distracted that they leave their car; door open and keys in the ignition. Then they, wait and watch to see if anyone takes the bait and drives off with the car. Every single time, without fail, a person or persons get in the car and take off. Sometimes, you can see that they wrestle with good and evil; they go to the car, sit in it, look through it, and some even leave it. Only to return, and inevitably steal the vehicle. Some are forewarned, by either a bystander or a friend, but they always choose the wrong path and knowingly take possession of something that they know is not theirs. While in the car, cameras catch the euphoria of the criminals thinking that theyve gotten away with it, if they have a co-conspirator, they pr actice what to say when caught. When they are caught, excuses range from, the owner of the car asked me to bring it to them, I was going to turn it in, I dont know why I did, and I didnt steal it. For me, this show asks the question, Why would you get into a car that simply is not yours? Perhaps the answer to this is that some crimes are simply opportunistic and for the simple purpose of greed and stupidity. Some people decide to commit a crime and carefully plan everything in advance to increase gain and decrease risk. These people are making choices about their behavior; some even consider a life of crime better than a regular job-believing crime brings in greater rewards, admiration, and excitement-at least until they are caught. Others get an adrenaline rush when successfully carrying out a dangerous crime. Others commit crimes on impulse, out of rage or fear. What causes a person to turn to a life of crime? Is it the fault of the parents; is it a societal or medical mishap? What kind of upbringing breeds a child that would be violent enough at the age of fifteen to commit an act of armed robbery that results in murder?   It was an urge. A strong urge, and the longer I let it go the stronger it got, to where I was taking risks to go out and kill people risks that normally, according to my little rules of operation, I wouldnt take because they could lead to arrest.-Edmund Kemper. Why does Kemper have this strong urge, and why does it have such a hold on him? If we experienced this urge, would we be able to resist? Is the need to commit a crime genetic, hormonal, biological, or cultural conditioning? Do people who kill have no control over their desire? We all experience rage and inappropriate sexual instincts, yet we somehow know how to keep our inner demons locked up. Are we born evil? Born to be a criminal? Or does how and/or where we were raised determine that outcome? That same question was asked back in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when the role of genetics in crime was widely accepted (Joseph, 2001). Prominent researchers believed that genes were fully responsible for criminal activity and that criminals could be identified by their physiological features. This period was marked with inhumane treatment and the belief that genes were the sole reason behind criminal behavior. By the late twentieth century the general public did not believe that criminal acts were mental, they believed in free will and called for more prisons and longer bouts of incarceration. Researchers in the twenty-first century, however, continued to look at psychological stress as a driving force behind some crimes. In 1986, psychologist Robert Hare identified a connection between certain brain activity and antisocial behavior. He found that criminals experienced less brain reaction to dangerous situations than most people. Such a brain function, he believed, could lead to greater risk-taking in life, with some criminals not fearing punishment as much as others. Neurochemicals are responsible for the activation of behavioral patterns and tendencies in specific areas of the brain (Elliot, 2000). As seen in the Brunner et al. study, there have been attempts to determine the role of neurochemicals in influencing criminal or antisocial behavior. Included in the list of neurochemicals already cited by researchers are monoamine oxidase (MOA), epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that has been shown to be related to antisocial behavior. Specifically, low MAO activity results in disinhibition which can lead to impulsivity and aggression. MAO is associated with many of the neurochemicals that already have a link to antisocial or criminal behavior. Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are metabolized by both MAOA and MAOB (Elliot, 2000). Serotonin is a neurochemical that plays an important role in the personality traits of depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder (Larsen Buss, 2005). It is also involved with brain development and a disorder in this system could lead to an increase in aggressiveness and impulsivity (Morley Hall, 2003). In addition, children who suffer from conduct disorder, have also been shown to have low blood serotonin (Elliot, 2000). There is a great deal of evidence that shows serotonin is related to aggression, which can be further associated with antisocial or criminal behavior. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain that is associated with pleasure and is also one of the neurotransmitters that is chiefly associated with aggression. Activation of both affective (emotionally driven) and predatory aggression is accomplished by dopamine (Elliot, 2000). Personality traits and disorders have recently become essential in the diagnosis of individuals with antisocial or criminal behavior. Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD) is characterized by argumentativeness, noncompliance, and irritability, which can be found in early childhood. When a child with ODD grows older, the characteristics of their behavior also change and more often for the worse. They start to lie and steal, engage in vandalism, substance abuse, and show aggression towards peers (Holmes et al., 2001). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity and the inability to keep attention focused on one thing. Children diagnosed with ADHD have the inability to analyze and anticipate consequences or learn from their past behavior. Conduct Disorder is characterized with an individuals violation of societal rules and norms. This disorder can only be diagnosed when an individual is over the age of eighteen and at which point an individual shows persistent disregard for the rights of others (Morley Hall, 2003). It is of great importance that these early childhood disorders are correctly diagnosed and effectively treated to prevent future problems. Antisocial behavior between the ages of nine and fifteen can be correlated strongly with impulsivity and that aggression in early childhood can predict antisocial acts and delinquency. One statistic shows that between seventy and ninety percent of violent offenders had been highly aggressive as young children (Holmes et al., 2001). These personality traits have, in some research, been shown to be heritable. Searching for the origins of antisocial personality disorders and their influence over crime has led to studies of twins and adopted children. Identical twins have the exact same genetic makeup. Researchers found that identical twins were twice as likely to have similar criminal behavior as fraternal twins who have similar but not identical genes, just like any two siblings. One of the most fundamental studies influencing scientific opinions of nature vs. nurture would be a study done comparing identical vs. fraternal twins. (Christiansen, 1977). In this study, twin pairs were examined for the concordance of criminal behavior for both twins. This is a study of particular interest because both sets of twins were raised in the same environment but in one case, the case of the identical twin sets, the siblings are genetically identical where as in the other case, the case of the fraternal twin sets, the siblings are merely genetically similar. The identical twin pairs were found to have a 50% concordance (in one out of two cases both twins exhibited criminal behavior) where in the fraternal cases there was only 21% concordance. This illustrates a strong correlation of genetics and criminal disposition but it also indicates the relative importance of environmental factors as well; environmental factors influence criminal behavior, which explains why there is not a 1:1 correlation of genetic disposition and criminal behavior. Other research indicated that adopted children had greater similarities of crime rates to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents. A study was done using identical twins that were adopted by two different families and raised apart from each other. It was observed that adopted children are as aggressive as their adoptive parents rather than their biological parents. The results from both studies indicate that environment and genetic disposition are equally as responsible in shaping human behavior. (Mednick, Gabrielli, and Hutchings, 1984) The frontal lobe of the brain is the functioning area for behavior in human beings, and there are beliefs in the scientific community that damage to the frontal lobe can cause significant behavioral problems for individuals. In fact, there are findings that prefrontal cortical deficits and abnormalities in the temporal lobe are high within the incarcerated population Recent studies show that our criminal justice system is the new home for individuals with psychological problems. Although this may seem like a solution, it is creates a dilemma for society. Do we have the treatment and rehabilitation in prison to prepare inmates for life outside? Once we label these individuals as criminals it creates a stigma for those who may suffer from psychological problems. Certain psychological problems have been shown to be heritable and if given the right circumstances, individuals with those genes could find themselves engaging in criminal activity. If a tragedy occurs and a friend or loved ones life is ended purposely, or a child has been hurt or traumatized, people can lose control and act out of anger. And because of their reactions, they too, have now become the criminal. Not everyone who is incarcerated has criminal tendencies. Many have made irrational choices out of anger or desperation or no thought of the consequences of an action. There are many factors that can create a criminal mind, but there are also many factors that cause people to make irrational choices. It goes back to when we were taught cause and effect. We often speculate but there is no definite answer to why some people become criminals. The brain is a mysterious organ, that is constantly being studied.